Ulam (1958) ‘Tribute to John von Neumann,’ Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 64.3, pt. Moravec (1999) Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind (New York: Oxford University Press). Moravec (1988) Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press). Kurzweil (1999) The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (New York: Viking). Broderick (2001) The Spike: How Our Lives Are Being Transformed by Rapidly Advancing Technologies, rev.

Broderick (1997) The Spike: Accelerating into the Unimaginable Future (Sydney, Australia: Reed Books).ĭ. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.ĭ. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Kurzweil considers this the next step in human-machine co-evolution. Kurzweil predicts that a core feature of the singularity will be the merging of biological and machine intelligence, such that the majority of “human” intelligence will become non-biological, and the merging of virtual and physical reality. the point at which the curve changes from largely horizontal to largely vertical). In this chapter, Ray Kurzweil presents and defends his view that we will reach a technological singularity in the next few decades, which he defines as a “period during which the pace of technological change will be so rapid, its impact so deep, that human life will be irreversibly transformed.” Kurwzweil argues that the pace of technological change, particularly with respect to information technologies, is exponential, and that we are near the “knee” of the exponential curve (i.e.

The singularity is near